Latent Heat: Heat required to change the state without changing temperature. 2. Atomic Structure Understanding the building blocks of matter is crucial. Proton (discovered by Ernest Rutherford/Goldstein). Electron (J.J. Thomson). Neutron (James Chadwick). Atomic Terms: Atomic Number (Z): Number of protons. Mass Number (A): Protons + Neutrons.
Keep a list of chemical names and formulas (like Plaster of Paris or Epsom Salt). chemistry notes ssc
Natural Acids: Citric acid (lemons), Acetic acid (vinegar), Formic acid (ant stings). Bitter taste, turn red litmus blue, pH > 7. Latent Heat: Heat required to change the state
Noble Gases (Inert gases like Helium, Neon, Argon). Trends: Atomic size decreases across a period (left to right). Electronegativity increases across a period. 4. Chemical Bonding and Reactions Ionic Bond: Transfer of electrons (e.g., NaCl). Covalent Bond: Sharing of electrons (e.g., H2Ocap H sub 2 cap O Oxidation vs. Reduction: Oxidation is the loss of electrons/gain of oxygen. Reduction is the gain of electrons/loss of oxygen. Redox Reaction: When both happen simultaneously. 5. Acids, Bases, and Salts This is a high-yield topic for SSC exams. Acids: Sour taste, turn blue litmus red, pH < 7. Proton (discovered by Ernest Rutherford/Goldstein)
Finding high-quality exams (like CGL, CHSL, MTS, or CPO) is a game-changer for your preparation. Chemistry can be tricky because it involves a mix of conceptual understanding and rote memorization of facts, formulas, and periodic table trends.
Caused by bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates of Calcium and Magnesium.